Antioxidant Potential of Persea Americana Mill. Seed Extracts in Vitro: The Role of Biologically Active Compounds

Olena Yaremkevych1, Olha Fedoryshyn1, Lilianna Oliynyk1, Ananiy Kohut1

Affiliation:

1 Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine olena.s.yaremkevych@lpnu.ua

DOI:

https://doi.org/

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Keywords:

Persea americana

aqueous–ethanolic extracts

thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

Abstract:

This article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of aqueous–ethanolic extracts obtained from Persea americana Mill. (avocado) seeds using extractants of different concentrations (40% and 70%) and raw materials in different states (fresh and dry). Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the presence of ascorbic acid as well as phenolic compounds in all extracts, including gallic acid and quercetin. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the total flavonoid content was measured by the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay based on a linear regression equation derived from the quercetin calibration curve (expressed in QE). Quantitative analysis showed that the total phenolic content ranged from 1.204 to 1.861 mg/g, flavonoids – from 2.663 to 3.395 mg/g, and amino acids (determined by the ninhydrin reaction) – from 0.054 to 0.140% in terms of alanine equivalent. The highest phenolic content was found in the 40% extract from dry seeds, whereas flavonoids were more efficiently extracted with 40% ethanol from fresh raw materials. Modeling of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative modification processes in vitro revealed pronounced antioxidant activity in all extracts, particularly in the 40% extracts from dry seeds, which reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances by 44.3% and protein carbonyl groups by 73.1% (p ≤ 0.001). These findings indicate the high antioxidant potential of Persea americana seeds, suggesting their promise as a natural source of antioxidants for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications.

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Antioxidant Potential of Persea Americana Mill. Seed Extracts in Vitro: The Role of Biologically Active Compounds

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