Empirical Model for Optimizing Shea Butter Extraction in an Unbaffled Vessel Equipped with an Impeller
Affiliation:
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State Nigeria
3 Department of Physics, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
emetere@yahoo.com
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.02.221
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
 full_text.pdf | 264.22 KB |
Abstract:
The yield of Shea butter extracted in an unbaffled vessel equipped with an impeller was optimized by varying kneading time, kneading temperature and kneading speed using response surface method (RSM). Helical shaped impeller was mounted on a variable speed Tecmix TM 1100 kneader to knead the Shea paste. Minitab 16.1 software was used for the design and optimization of the process variables. The study indicated that the temperature and speed were highly significant on Shea butter oil yield with p-values of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The residual plots of the yield show that the adopted model was efficient because the experimental and the predicted yields for the extraction are very close. It was concluded that the model to be adequate.
References:
[1] Goreja W.: Shea Butter: The Nourishing Properties of Africa's Best-Kept Natural Beauty. Amazing Herbs Press. New York 2004.
[2] Tella A.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmac., 1979, 7, 495.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00992.x
[3] Badifu G.: J. Food Comp. Anal., 1989, 2, 238.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1575(89)90021-5
[4] Olaniyan A., Oje K.: J. Food Sci. Technol., 2007, 44, 404.
[5] Kar A., Mital H.: Plant Food Hum. Nutr., 1981, 31, 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01093889
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01093889
[6] Chalfin B.: Shea Butter Republic: State Power, Global Markets, and the Making of an Indigenous Commodity. Routledge, New York 2004.
[7] Hee N., Hector J., Simon J.: J. Medicin. Act. Plants, 2012, 1, 69.
[8] Maranz S., Wiesman J., Bisgaard B.: Agroforestry Syst., 2004, 60, 71.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000009406.19593.90
[9] Kelling C.: The Numerous Topical Benefits of Unrefined Shea Butter. Library Avenue, New Delhi 2008.
[10] Bouvet J.: J. Agricult. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 7811.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100409v
[11] Okoye N., Ajaghaku D., Okeke H. et al.: Pharm. Biol., 2014, 52, 1478. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.898078
https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.898078
[12] Carley K., Kamera N., Reminga J.: Response Surface methodology, CASOS Technical Report, Carnegie Mellon University, Qatar 2004.
https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA459032
[13] Bas D., Boyaci I.: J. Food Eng., 2007, 78, 836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.024
[14] Sharif K., Rahman M., Azmir J. et al.: J. Food Eng., 2014, 124, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.003
[15] Fabian F.: Application of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design for 5P12-RANTES Expression in the Pichia pastoris System. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chemengtheses/16
[16] Parampalli A., Eskridge K., Smith L. et al.: Cytotechnology, 2007, 54, 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-007-9074-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-007-9074-3
[17] Uzun Y., Şahan T.: Arch. Environ. Protect., 2017, 43, 37. https://doi.org/10.1515/aep-2017-0015
https://doi.org/10.1515/aep-2017-0015
[18] Xu W., Ge X.-D., Cheng D.-L. et al.: Chem. Eng. Technol., 2017, 40, 571. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600044
https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600044
Current Issues
The journal is accepted into Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) - new index in the Web of Science™ Core Collection
The journal is indexed in the international scientometric databases:
