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Development of Heterogeneous Alkali Methoxide Catalyst from Fly Ash and Limestone

W. Widayat1, 2, Marcelinus Christwardana3, S. Syaiful4, Hantoro Satriadi2, Akhmad Khaibar2, Mukhammad Mujahid Almaki2
Affiliation: 
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 2 Laboratory of Advanced Material, CORES-DU, Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Indonesia, Jl. Raya Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Indonesia 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia widayat@live.undip.ac.id
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.521
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Keywords:

Abstract: 
This study is aimed to use fly ash and limestone as raw materials for preparing alkali methoxide heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel. The heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized from fly ash and limestone through wet and dry methods and calcined within 1073–1273 K. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated the well-dispersed presence of the Ca(OCH3)2 crystal over the fly ash and limestone framework, which was mixed using wet method and calcined at 1073 K (W-800). Results showed that W-800 exhibited larger surface area and more uniform active sites than the other catalysts. About 88.6 % of biodiesel was produced from commercial palm oil with W-800 as the catalyst. The product possesses physicochemical characteristics, such as density, kinematic viscosity and free fatty acid content, which satisfy the international biodiesel standard. The catalyst was used for biodiesel production for four cycles, and the biodiesel yield was maintained up to 91.87 % from the initial value.
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