1. JCCT
  2. Ch&ChT Vol. 20, No. 1, 2026
  3. Secondary Metabolite Profile of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) Seed Extract Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS and Its Antibacterial Activity

Secondary Metabolite Profile of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) Seed Extract Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS and Its Antibacterial Activity

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Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati1, Elfi Susanti VH1, Budi Arifin2, Lailatussyifa Azizah1, Nurul Maemunah1
Affiliation: 
1 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia widiastuti_aes@staff.uns.ac.id
DOI: 
https://doi.org/
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Keywords: 
Sacha Inchi seed
secondary metabolite profile
LC-Orbitrap HRMS
antibacterial
acetone extract
Abstract: 
Research on the exploration of active compounds from Sacha Inchi (SI) seeds, Pluketenia volubilis L., has been conducted. The study aimed to profile the secondary metabolites of SI seeds using liquid chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap HRMS), screen for chemical compounds, determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and assess antibacterial activity. The antibacterial assay included inhibition zone measurement, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results revealed that the acetone extract of SI seeds contains steroid/triterpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. According to LC-Orbitrap HRMS data, 41 steroids, 20 alkaloids, and one flavonoid were identified in the acetone extract. Neriifolin, Dehydrated antipain, and Artoindonesianin B were the predominant steroid, alkaloid, and flavonoid, respectively, representing the novelty of this research. The acetone extract of SI seeds exhibited a total phenolic content (TPC) of 28.04 ± 1.40 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 25.98 ± 1.40 mg QE/g. The acetone extract of SI seeds was fractionated with several solvents and tested for antibacterial activity. SI seed extract inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12228, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The chloroform fraction demonstrated the strongest inhibition against MRSA, with an inhibition zone of 16.4 ± 0.4 mm (strong), MIC 3.125 mg/mL, and MBC 25 mg/mL, while the n-hexane fraction showed the strongest activity against S. aureus (15.7 ± 0.3 mm (strong), MIC 3.125 mg/mL, MBC 6.25 mg/mL) and S. epidermidis (10.5 ± 0.3 mm (strong), MIC 3.125 mg/mL, MBC 25 mg/mL). This study provides a solid foundation for future research, particularly on the secondary metabolites of SI seeds as antibacterial candidates.
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