Error message

  • Deprecated function: Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ? d : e` is deprecated. Use either `(a ? b : c) ? d : e` or `a ? b : (c ? d : e)` in include_once() (line 1439 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated in include_once() (line 3557 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ? d : e` is deprecated. Use either `(a ? b : c) ? d : e` or `a ? b : (c ? d : e)` in include_once() (line 1439 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated in include_once() (line 3557 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).

Functionalization of Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene by Melt Grafting of Maleic Anhydride for Using as a Compatibilizer

Islom Turdikulov1, Muhlisa Saidmuhammedova1, Nurbek Ashurov1, Muhitdin Abdurazakov1, Abdumutolib Atakhanov1, Sayyora Rashidova1
Affiliation: 
1 Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, 7b A.Kadiry St., Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan a-atakhanov@yandex.com
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht17.02.347
AttachmentSize
PDF icon full_text.pdf498.19 KB
Abstract: 
In this study, functionalization of low-molecular-weight polyethylene by melt grafting of maleic anhydride was investigated. The results reveal that initiator concentration, reaction time and temperature have the greatest influence on the graft degree. Structure of maleic anhydride grafted low-molecular-weight po-lyethylene was proven by FTIR, DTA and XRD me-thods. The grafted low-molecular-weight polyethylene has a potential application as a compatibilizer for mate-rials based on polyethylene compounds.
References: 

[1] Lohse, D.J. Polyolefins. In Applied Polymer Science: 21st Century; Craver, C.D., Carraher Jr., C.E., Eds.; Elsevier, 2000; pp 73-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008043417-9/50008-8

[2] Jubinville, D.; Esmizadeh, E.; Saikrishnan, S.; Tzoganakis, C.; Mekonnen, T. A Comprehensive Review of Global Production and Recycling Methods of Polyolefin (PO) Based Products and Their Post-Recycling Applications. SM&T 2020, 25, e00188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00188
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00188

[3] Muthuraj, R.; Misra, M.; Mohanty, A.K. Biodegradable Com-patibilized Polymer Blends for Packaging Applications: A Litera-ture Review. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45726. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45726
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45726

[4] Chawla, K.K. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering; Springer: New York, 2013.

[5] Prachayawarakorn, J.; Pomdage, W. Effect of Carrageenan on Properties of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Cassava Starch/Low-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced by Cotton Fibers. Mater. Des. 2014, 61, 264-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.051
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.051

[6] Atakhanov, A.A.; Mamadiyorov, B.; Kuzieva, M.; Yugay, S.M.; Shahobutdinov, S.; Ashurov, N.Sh.; Abdurazakov; M. Sravnitelnyye Issledovaniya Fiziko-Khimicheskikh Svoystv i Struktury Khlopkovoy Tsellyulozy i eye Modifitsirovannykh Form. Khimiia Rast. Syriia 2019, 3, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019034554
https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019034554

[7] Matet, M.; Heuzey, M-C.; Ajji, A.; Sarazin, P. Plasticized Chitosan/Polyolefin Films Produced by Extrusion. Carbohydr. Polym. 2015, 117, 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.058
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.058

[8] Turdikulov, I.H.; Mamadiyorov, B.N.; Saidmuhammedova, M.Q.; Atakhanov, A.A. Obtaining and Studying Properties of Biodestructable Composite Films Based on Polyethylene. Open J. Chem. 2020, 6, 030-036. https://doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000021
https://doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000021

[9] Bari, S.S.; Chatterjee, A; Mishra, S. Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites: An Overview. Polym. Rev. 2016, 56, 287-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2015.1118123
https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2015.1118123

[10] Ivankovic, A.; Zeljko, K.; Talic, S.; Bevanda, A.; Lasić, M. Review: Biodegradable Packaging in the Food Industry. J. Food Saf. Food Qual. 2017, 68, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.2376/0003-925X-68-26

[11] Koroleva, A.; Huebner, M.; Lukanina, Y.; Khvatov, A.; Popov, A.; Monakhova, T. Oxo-Biodegradability of Polyethylene Blends with Starch, Cellulose and Synthetic Additives. Chem. Chem. Technol. 2012, 6, 405-413. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.04.405
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.04.405

[12] Fillers for Polymer Applications; Rothon, R., Ed.; Springer Cham, 2017.

[13] Desai, S.M.; Singh, R.P. Surface Modification of Polyethylene. In Long Term Properties of Polyolefins; Albertsson A.C., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004; pp 231-294.
https://doi.org/10.1007/b13524

[14] Krause-Sammartino, L.E., Lucas, J.C.; Reboredo, M.M.; Aranguren, M.I. Maleic Anhydride Grafting of Polypropylene: Peroxide and Solvent Effects. Plast. Rubber Compos. 2006, 35, 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328906X103132
https://doi.org/10.1179/174328906X103132

[15] He, X.; Zheng, S.; Huang, G.; Rong, Y. Solution Grafting of Maleic Anhydride on Low-Density Polyethylene: Effect on Crystal-lization Behavior. J. Macromol. Sci. B 2013, 52, 1265-1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2013.764217
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2013.764217

[16] Zhang, Y.; Fan, Z.; Wu, B.; Rong, Y. Grafting of Peroxide-Initiated Maleic Anhydride on Spherical Pe/Ppin-Reactor Blend Granules. Chin. J. Polym. Sci. 2004, 22, 231-238.

[17] Singh, S.K.; Tambe, S.P.; Samui, A.B.; Raja, V.S.; Kumar, D. Maleic Acid Grafted Low Density Polyethylene for Thermally Sprayable Anticorrosive Coatings. Prog. Org. Coat. 2006, 55, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.09.007
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.09.007

[18] Saini, A.; Yadav, C.; Bera, M.; Gupta, P.; Maji, P.K. Maleic Anhydride Grafted Linear Low-Density Polyethylene/Waste Paper Powder Composites with Superior Mechanical Behavior. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45167. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45167
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45167

[19] da Silva, C.; Canto, L.; Visconti, L. Effect of Extrusion Processing Variables in the Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Rheological Properties. Chem. Chem. Technol. 2010, 4, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.01.061
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.01.061

[20] Chang, M.-K. Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of Low-Density Polyethylene Grafted Maleic Anhy-dride/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2015, 27, 96-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.11.048
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.11.048

[21] Kahar, A.W.M.; Ismail, H.; Othman, N. Effects of Polyethyl-ene-Grafted Maleic Anhydride as a Compatibilizer on The Mor-phology and Tensile Properties of (Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch)/ (High-Density Polyethylene)/(Natural Rubber) Blends. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 2012, 18, 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.20289
https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.20289

[22] Colbeaux, A.; Fenouillot, F.; Gérard, J.-F.; Taha, M.; Wautier, H. Compatibilization of a Polyolefin Blend Through Covalent and Ionic Coupling of Grafted Polypropylene and Polyethylene. I. Rheological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 95, 312-320. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21226
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21226

[23] Marszalek, G.; Majczak, R. Polyethylene Wax - Preparation, Modification and Applications. Polimery 2012, 57, 640-645. https://doi.org/10.14314/POLIMERY.2012.640
https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2012.640

[24] La Mantia, F.P.; Morreale, M. Mechanical Properties of Recy-cled Polyethylene Ecocomposites Filled with Natural Organic Fill-ers. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2006, 46, 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20561
https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20561

[25] Hohner, G.; Bayer, M. Polyolefin Waxes Modified to Make Them Polar in Photocopier Toners. US 2003/0108807A1. Jun 12, 2003.

[26] Molefi, J.A.; Luyt, A.S.; Krupa, I. Comparison of LDPE, LLDPE and HDPE as Matrices for Phase Change Materials Based on a Soft Fischer-Tropsch Paraffin Wax. Thermochim. Acta 2010, 500, 88-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.01.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.01.002

[27] Yu, S.-W.; Choi, J.-S.; Na, J.-S. A Study on Synthesis and Hydrolysis of the Maleated Polyethylene Wax. Clean Technol. 2013, 19, 393-400. https://doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2013.19.4.393
https://doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2013.19.4.393

[28] Kudyshkin, V.O.; Bozorov, N.I.; Ashurov, N.Sh.; Rashidova, S.Sh. Synthesis and Structure of Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 93, 1498-1503. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427220100031
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427220100031

[29] Tian, Y.L.; Guo, L.M. Surface Modification of UHMWPE Fibers by Means of Polyethylene Wax Grafted Maleic Anhydride Treatment. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46555. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46555
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46555

[30] Zhang, J.; Guo, J.; Li, T.; Li, X. Chemical Surface Modification of Calcium Carbonate Particles by Maleic Anhydride Grafting Polyethylene Wax. Int. J. Green Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/19430871003684341
https://doi.org/10.1080/19430871003684341

[31] Hameed, T.; Potter, D.K.; Takacs, E. Reactions of Low Mo-lecular Weight Highly Functionalized Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene with Polyetherdiamines. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 116, 2285-2297. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31725
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31725

[32] Gaylord, N.G.; Mehta, R.; Kumar, V.; Tazi, M. High Density Polyethylene-G-Maleic Anhydride Preparation in Presence of Electron Donors. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1989, 38, 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380217
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380217

[33] Gaylord, N.G., Mehta, R.; Deshpande, A.B. Homogeneous Reaction of Maleic Anhydride with Low Density Polyethylene in Solution in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. In New Advances in Polyole-fins; Chung T.C., Ed.; Springer: Boston, MA, 1993; pp 115-119.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2992-7_9

[34] Razavi Aghjeh, M.K.; Nazokdast, H.; Assempour, H. Pa-rameters Affecting the Free-Radical Melt Grafting of Maleic Anhydride onto Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in an Internal Mixer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 99, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21870
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21870

[35] Rahayu, I.; Zainuddin, A.; Hendrana, S. Improved Maleic Anhydride Grafting to Linear Low Density Polyethylene by Mi-croencapsulation Method. Indones. J. Chem. 2020, 20, 1110-1118. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.48785
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.48785

[36] Rzayev, Z.M.O. Graft Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and Its Isostructural Analogues: High Performance Engineering Mate-rials. Int. Rev. Chem. Eng. 2011, 3, 153-215. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1105.1260

[37] Wang, Y.D.; Zhao, Q.X. The Initiator Selecting by the Graft-ing of Maleic Anhydride on High Density Polyethylene. J. Zhengzhou Univ. 1995, 2, 53-56.

[38] Zhou, L.Q.; Shen, N.X. Solid-Phase Grafting of Maleic An-hydride onto Polyethylene. J. Pet. Technol. 2000, 29, 15-18.

[39] Vicente, A.I.; Campos, J.; Bordadob, J.M., Ribeiro, M.R. Maleic Anhydride Modified Ethylene-Diene Copolymers: Synthesis and Properties. React. Funct. Polym. 2008, 68, 519-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.10.026
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.10.026

[40] Qian, J.; Zhang, H.; Xu, Y. Grafting of Maleic Anhydride onto Polyethylene Wax by Melt Ultrasound and Solid co-Irradiation. Radiat Eff. Defects Solids 2010, 165, 834-844. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2010.494305
https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2010.494305

[41] Bari, S.S.; Chatterjee, A.; Mishra, S. Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites: An Overview. Polym. Rev. 2016, 56, 287-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2015.1118123
https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2015.1118123

[42] Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, Salamone J.C., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1996.

[43] Ahn, J.; Jeon, J.H.; Baek, C.S.; Yu, Y.H.; Thenepalli, T.; Ahn, J.W.; Han, C. Synthesis and Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behav-iors of Maleic Anhydride onto High Density Polyethylene. J. Korean Cheram. Soc. 2016, 53, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2016.53.1.24
https://doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2016.53.1.24

[44] Wendlandt, W.W. Thermal Methods of Analysis; 2nd edn.; John Wiley & Sons, 1974.