Error message

  • Deprecated function: Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ? d : e` is deprecated. Use either `(a ? b : c) ? d : e` or `a ? b : (c ? d : e)` in include_once() (line 1439 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated in include_once() (line 3557 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).

Determining the Influence of Glass Elemental Composition on Its Protective Properties Using Laser-Sounding

Bohdan Korchak1, Nazarii Dzianyi1, Ivan Opirskyy1, Mariia Shved1
Affiliation: 
1 Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine bohdan.o.korchak@lpnu.ua
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht19.04.751
AttachmentSize
PDF icon full_text.pdf413.49 KB
Abstract: 
This study investigates the influence of the elemental composition of industrial window glass on its protective properties against laser-based optoelectronic surveillance. The optical characteristics – transmission and backscattering – were experimentally analyzed using a continuous solid-state laser. The elemental composition of glass samples was determined via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The glass was classified as silicate (quartz), and its components were grouped by functional purpose. The study found that changes in the concentration of amphoteric, nonmetallic, alkaline, and alkaline earth elements significantly affect laser absorption. The results reveal correlations between elemental properties and laser resistance, offering insights for enhancing materials for information protection.
References: 

[1] Rikhtechi, L.; Rafe, V.; Rezakhani, A. Secured Access Control in Security Information and Event Management Systems. J. Inf. Syst. Telecommun. 2021, 9, 67-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jist.9.33.67
https://doi.org/10.52547/jist.9.33.67

[2] Petriashvili, G.; Sulaberidze, T.; Tavkhelidze, D.; Janikashvili, M.; Ponjavidze, N.; Chanishvili, A.; Chubinidze, K.; Tatrishvili, T.; Makharadze, T.; Kalandia, E.; et al. Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Mirror-Based Smart Window Controlled with Ambient Temperature. Chem. Chem. Technol. 2024, 18, 401-408. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht18.03.401
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht18.03.401

[3] Gaitonde, J. V.; Lohani, R. B. Structural Optimization and Analysis of GaAs Buried-Gate OPFET for Visible-Light Communication. Opt. Quantum Electron. 2020, 52, 512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02627-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02627-8

[4] Nassi, B.; Pirutin, Y.; Shamir, A.; Elovici, Y.; Zadov, B. Lamphone: Real-Time Passive Sound Recovery from Light Bulb Vibrations. Cryptology ePrint Archive 2020, 708. https://ia.cr/2020/708

[5] Jin, H.; Wei, C.; Li, H.; Li, X. Influence of Glass Composition on Microstructure and Leaching Behavior of Gd2Ti2O7 Pyrochlore Glass-Ceramics. Ceram. Int. 2025, 51, 34663-34677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.05.189
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.05.189

[6] Kataiev, V; Yaremchuk, Y. The Method of Active Protection of Information from the Laser Acoustic Intelligence Systems. Ukr. Inf. Secur. Res. J. 2019, 21, 34-39. https://doi.org/10.18372/2410-7840.21.13545
https://doi.org/10.18372/2410-7840.21.13545

[7] Klochko, N. P.; Barbash, V. A.; Klepikova, K. S.; Kopach, V. R.; Tyukhov, I. I.; Yashchenko, O. V.; Zhadan, D. O.; Petrushenko, S. I.; Dukarov, S. V.; Sukhov, V. M.; et al. Biodegradable Flexible Transparent Films with Copper Iodide and Biomass-Derived Nanocellulose for Ultraviolet and High-Energy Visible Light Protection. Sol. Energy 2021, 220, 852-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.04.014
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.04.014

[8] Zeng, Y.; Pan, P.; Cao, Y.; Ai, H. Test and Analysis of Window Vibration for Anti-Laser-Eavesdropping. Appl. Acoust. 2021, 176, 107871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107871
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107871

[9] Dudykevych, V.B.; Rakobovchuk, V.O. Vplyv elementnoho skladu skla na koefitsient vidbyvannia zonduyuchoho. Informatsijna bezpeka 2013, 1, 57-62. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Ibez_2013_1_9

[10] Dzianyi, N.; Dudykevych, V.; Opirskyy, I.; Rakobovchuk, L.; Haraniuk, P. Investigation of the Protective Capabilities of Glass from Laser Sounding Depending on Its Elemental Composition. EUREKA Phys. Eng. 2022, 5, 162-174. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002527
https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002527

[11] Safety Films for Cars, Homes & Offices. Klingshield. https://www.klingshield.co.za/safety-film (accessed 2018-11-01).

[12] 3MTM Safety and Security Window Film Safety Series. 3M United States. https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/p/d/b5005059013/ (accessed 2020-04-20).

[13] Anti Glare Film for Windows - Anti-Glare Film Q and A. https://www.windowfilm.co.uk/anti-glare-film-for-windows (accessed 2021-06-15).

[14] Guardian Window Films. https://guardianwindowfilm.co.uk/?fbclid=IwY2xjawLCSNlleHRuA2FlbQIxMABic... (accessed 2019-03-17).

[15] Gila Window Film. https://gilafilms.com/en/home-window-film/ (accessed 2020-01-10).

[16] Smart Tint. Smart Film. USA Factory Direct Wholesale. https://www.smarttint.com/ (accessed 2022-07-06).

[17] 3M Safety & Security Films. https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/p/c/films-sheeting/window/protective/ (accessed 2021-02-15).

[18] RF and IR Protection. Signals Defense Shielding Experts. https://signalsdefense.com/ (accessed 2020-03-08).

[19] Dudykevych, V. B.; Opirskyy, I. R.; Haraniuk, P. I.; Rakobovchuk, L. M.; Dzianyi, N. R. Impact Research of Sound Vibration Frequencies on the Laser Beam Response of the Most Common Ukrainian Glass. In 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelectronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering (TCSET); IEEE: Lviv-Slavske, Ukraine, 2020; pp 213-217. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSET49122.2020.235425
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSET49122.2020.235425

[20] Chen, Y.; Li, W.; Cheng, X.; Hu, P. A survey of Acoustic Eavesdropping Attacks: Principle, Methods, and Progress. High-Confidence Computing 2024, 4, 100241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100241
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100241

[21] DSTU B V.2.7-122:2009; Building materials. Flat glass. Technical specifications (EN 572:2004, NEQ). ТК 300: Kyiv, Ukraine, 2010.

[22] High Performance Glazing - Saint-Gobain Glass. https://www.saint-gobain-glass.co.uk/ (accessed 2020-05-22).

[23] Guardian GlassTime. Technical Manual. https://www.guardianglass.com/content/dam/guardianindustriesholdings/tec... (accessed 2015-01-10).

[24] EUROGLAS Products and data. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/41336509/euroglas-products-and-data (accessed 2016-06-06).

[25] Pilkington and the Flat Glass Industry 2010. https://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/about/downloads/corporate-publicatio... (accessed 2010-09-27).

[26] Orionglass. https://www.orionglass.com.ua/ru/ (accessed 2020-04-24).

[27] Precision analyzer Expert 3L. https://inamexpert.com.ua/goods/spektrometr-sostava-dlya-metallov-expert... (accessed 2015-11-18).

[28] Kilinc, E.; Hand, R. J.; Bingham, P. A. Temperature Crystallization and Processing Properties of Industrial Soda-Lime-Silica Glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2023, 106, 2345-2357. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19602
https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19602

[29] Pocket Laser Power Meter - Sper Scientific Direct. https://sperdirect.com/products/pocket-laser-power-meter (accessed 2019-12-19).

[30] Laser Triangulation Sensors. RF603 Series. https://riftek.com/upload/iblock/119/orw046vy9w4pj0slt0pu5qdmk5k30zj0/La... (accessed 2021-04-30).

[31] DSTU ISO 23539:2017; Photometry - CIE physical photometry system (ISO 23539:2005, IDT). ТК 137: Kyiv, Ukraine, 2019.

[32] Shelby, J.E. Introduction to Glass Science and Technology. 2nd Edition; Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847551160

[33] Zarzycki, J. Glass Science and Technology: Structure and Properties; Elsevier, 1991.

[34] Musgraves, J. D., Hu, J., Calvez, L. Springer Handbook of Glass. Springer Handbooks; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93728-1

[35] Kuwik, M.; Pisarska, J.; Pisarski, W.A. Influence of Oxide Glass Modifiers on the Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Phosphate Glasses for Visible and Near-Infrared Photonic Applications. Materials 2020, 13, 4746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214746
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214746

[36] Zanini, R.; Franceschin, G.; Cattaruzza, E.; Traviglia, A. A Review of Glass Corrosion: The Unique Contribution of Studying Ancient Glass to Validate Glass Alteration Models. npj Mater. Degrad. 2023, 7, 38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-023-00355-4
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-023-00355-4

[37] Zheng, R.; Wang, X.; Sun, Y.; Wen, L.; Hu, L.; Khazanov, E.; Olegovich, A.; Chen, S. Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ion as Glass Modifiers on the Spectroscopic Characteristics of Er3+-Ion Doped Lead Silicate Glasses. J Am Ceram Soc. 2024, 107, 2232-2241. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19588
https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19588