Error message

  • Deprecated function: Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ? d : e` is deprecated. Use either `(a ? b : c) ? d : e` or `a ? b : (c ? d : e)` in include_once() (line 1439 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated in include_once() (line 3557 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Unparenthesized `a ? b : c ? d : e` is deprecated. Use either `(a ? b : c) ? d : e` or `a ? b : (c ? d : e)` in include_once() (line 1439 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is deprecated in include_once() (line 3557 of /home/science2016/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).

Electrosynthesis of Poly(selenophene-co-thiophene) Films in Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate/Ethyl

Fadi Alakhras
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht08.03.265
AttachmentSize
PDF icon full_text.pdf257.45 KB

Keywords:

Abstract: 
Electrosynthesis of selenophene-thiophene copolymers was successfully realized at con¬stant electrode potential in a binary solvent system consisting of boron trifluoride-ethyl ether and an additional amount of ethyl ether (mole ratio 1:2). The homo- and copolymer films obtained were studied and characterized with cyclic voltammetry and FTIR spectroscopy. The influence of the applied polymerization potential and the monomer feed ratio of selenophene and thiophene on the copolymer materials was investigated. The obtained films demonstrate a good stability of the redox activity in acetonitrile-based electrolyte solution.
References: 

[1] Skotheim T. and Reynolds J. (Eds.): Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 3rd edn. CRC Press: Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton 2007.

[2] Amanokura J., Suzuki Y., Imabayashi S. and Watanabe M.: J. Electrochem. Soc., 2001, 148, D43.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1357178

[3] Sotzing G., Briglin S., Grubbs R. and Lewis N.: Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 3181.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac991079x

[4] Lin C., Hwang B. and Lee C.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1999, 73, 2079.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990912)73:11<2079::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-1

[5] Malinauskas A., Malinauskiene J. and Ramanavicius A.: Nanotechnol., 2005, 16, R51.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/R01

[6] James D., Scott S., Ali Z. and Ohare W.: Microchim. Acta, 2005, 149, 1.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-004-0291-6

[7] Guernion N and Hayes W.: Curr. Org. Chem., 2004, 8, 637.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1385272043370771

[8] Vidal J., Garciaruiz E. and Castillo J.: Microchim. Acta, 2003, 143, 93.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-003-0067-4

[9] Dai L., Soundarrajan P. and Kim T.: Pure Appl. Chem., 2002, 74, 1753.
https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274091753

[10] Trojanowicz M., Velkrawczyk T. and Alexander P.: Chem. Anal., 1997, 42, 199.

[11] Trojanowicz M.: Microchim. Acta, 2003, 143, 75.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-003-0066-5

[12] Cosnier S.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2003, 377, 507.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2131-7

[13] Bartlett P. and Birkin P.: Synth. Met., 1993, 61, 15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(93)91194-7

[14] Sadik O.: Electroanal., 1999, 11, 839.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4109(199908)11:12<839::AID-ELAN839>3.0.CO;2-1

[15] Wallace G., Smyth M. and Zhao H.: TRAC-Trend. Anal. Chem., 1999, 18, 245.

[16] Shinohara H., Aizawa M. and Shirakawa H.: J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1986, 87.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c39860000087

[17] Le H., Garcia B., Deslouis C. and Xuan Q.: J. Appl. Electrochem., 2002, 32, 105.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014273624807

[18] Buckley L. and Eashoo M.: Synth. Met., 1996, 78, 1.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(95)03561-3

[19] Kelkar D. and Chourasia A.: Chem & Chem. Techn., 2011, 5, 309.

[20] Malinauskas A.: Synth. Met., 1999, 107, 75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(99)00170-8

[21] Grundmeier G., Schmidt W. and Stretmann M.: Electrochim. Acta, 2000, 45, 2515.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00348-0

[22] Gurunathan K., Mrurgan A., Marimuthu R. et al.: Mater. Chem. Phys., 1999, 61, 173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(99)00081-4

[23] Otero T. and Cantero I.: J. Power Sources, 1999, 81, 838.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00236-5

[24] Fritz B. and Paul R.: Electrochim. Acta, 2000, 45, 2467.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00344-3

[25] Wallace G.: Trends Anal. Chem., 1999, 18, 443.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(98)00113-7

[26] Cosnier S.: Biosen. Bioelectron., 1999, 14, 443.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00024-X

[27] Parthasarathy R. and Martin C.: Nature, 1994, 369, 298.
https://doi.org/10.1038/369298a0

[28] Xu J., Hou J., Zhang S. et al.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 2005, 587, 345.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.01.016

[29] Bezoari M., Kovacic P., Gronowitz S. and Hornfeldt A.: J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed., 1981, 19, 347.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.130190704

[30] Aqad E., Lakshmikantham M. and Cava M.: Org. Lett., 2001, 3, 4283.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ol0169473

[31] Patra A. and Bendikov M.: J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 422.
https://doi.org/10.1039/B908983G

[32] Narita Y., Hagiri I., Takahashi N. and Takeda K.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 2004, 43, 4248.
https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.43.4248

[33] Salzner U., Lagowski J., Pickup P. and Poirier R.: Synth. Met., 1998, 96, 177.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00084-8

[34] Inoue S., Nakanishi H., Takimiya K. et al.: Synth. Met., 1997, 84, 341.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80772-2

[35] Wang C., Ellern A., Becker J. and Bernstein J.: Adv. Mater., 1995, 7, 644.
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19950070708

[36] del del Valle M., Ugalde L., Diaz F. et al.: Polym. Bull., 2003, 51, 55.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-003-0195-3

[37] Sauvajol J., Chenouni D., Hasoon S. and Lere-Porte J.: Synth. Met., 1989, 28, C293.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(89)90536-5

[38] Glenis S., Ginley D. and Frank A.: J. Appl. Phys., 1987, 62, 190.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.339180

[39] Yoshino K., Kohno Y., Shiraishi T. et al.: Synth. Met., 1985, 10, 319.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(85)90040-2

[40] Groenendaal L., Zotti G., Aubert P. et al.: Adv. Mater., 2003, 15, 855.
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200300376

[41] Tourillon G., Dartyge E., Guay D. et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990, 137, 1827.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2086811

[42] Jin S. and Xue G.: Macromolecules, 1997, 30, 5753.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9606925

[43] Shi G., Li C. and Liang Y.: Adv. Mater., 1999, 11, 1145.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199909)11:13<1145::AID-ADMA1145>3.0.CO;2-T

[44] Pu S., Houb J., Xua J. et al.: Mat. Lett., 2005, 59, 1061.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.12.005

[45] Huang W. and Park J.: J. Chem. Comm., 1987, 856.

[46] Zotti G. and Gumbs R.: [in:] Nalwa H. (Ed.), Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers. Wiley, Chichester 1997, Ch. 5.

[47] Alakhras F. and Holze R.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2008, 107, 1133.
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26347

[48] Alakhras F. and Holze R.: Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 52, 5896.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.024

[49] Alakhras F. and Holze R.: Synth. Met., 2007, 157, 109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.12.011

[50] Alakhras F. and Holze R.: J. Solid State Electrochem., 2008, 12, 81.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0356-7

[51] Arjomandi J., Alakhras F., Al-Halasah W. and Holze R.: Jordan J. Chem., 2009, 4, 279.

[52] Pekmez N., Pekmez K., Holze R. and Yildiz A.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2003, 89, 862.
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12291

[53] Ong T., Ng S. and Chan H.: Polymer, 2003, 44, 5597.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00586-X

[54] Ng S., Chan H., Ong T. et al.: Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 1221.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ma970988q

[55] Kunugi Y., Takimiya K., Yamane K. et al.: Chem. Mater., 2003, 15, 6.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm020949f

[56] Yamamoto T., Zhou Z., Kanbara T. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 10389.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961550t

[57] Jenkins I., Salzner U. and Pickup P.: Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 2444.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm960207k

[58] Van Keuren E., Wakebe T., Andreaus R. et al.: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 75, 3312.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.125335

[59] Alakhras F.: Mat. Sci., 2014, in press.

[60] Li L., Chen W., Xu N. et al.: J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39, 2395.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000020001.34413.e5

[61] Wan X., Zhang W., Jin S. et al.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 1999, 470, 23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(99)00205-3

[62] Wan X., Yan F., Jin S. et al.: Chem. Mater., 1999, 11, 2400.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9900453

[63] Inzelt G., Pineri M., Schultze J. and Vorotyntsev M.: Electrochim. Acta, 2000, 45, 2403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00329-7

[64] Xu J., Shi G., Xu Z. et al.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001, 514, 16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(01)00632-5

[65] Shreepathi S. and Holze R.: Chem. Mater., 2005, 17, 4078.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm050117s

[66] Can M., Pekmez K., Pekmez N. and Yildiz A.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2000, 77, 312.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000711)77:2<312::AID-APP7>3.0.CO;2-1

[67] Wan X., Li L., He J. et al.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2002, 86, 3160.
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11343

[68] Fringuelli F., Marino G., Taticchi A. and Grandolini G.: J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., 1974, 2, 332.
https://doi.org/10.1039/p29740000332

[69] Cyranski M., Krygowski T., Katritzky A. and Schleyer P.: J. Org. Chem., 2002, 67, 1333.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jo016255s

[70] Gronowitz S., Hallberg A. and Frejd T.: Tetrahedron, 1979, 35, 2607.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)88028-X

[71] Roncali J.: Chem. Rev., 1992, 92, 711.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00012a009

[72] Asavapiriyonont S., Chandler G., Gunawardena G. and Pletcher D.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 1984, 177, 229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(84)80225-9

[73] Genies E., Bidan G. and Diaz A.: J. Electroanal. Chem., 1983, 149, 113.

[74] Pinzino C., Angelone R., Benvenuti F. et al.: J. Polym. Chem., Polym. Phys., 1986, 36, 1901.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199808)36:11<1901::AID-POLB11>3.0.CO;2-B